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ir^LK-i  . 


tv. 


Utztittti  'MovotuM^a 


OR  THE 


VOYAGES  OF  SIMON  FERDINANDO 

AND  JOHN  WALKER  TO  THE 

PENOBSCOT  RIVER.      1579—^580. 

Revised  from  the  N.   E.  Historical  and  Genealogical  Register,  'April,   1890. 


It  is  micli  to  b ,  d'^^'^ir.d  that,  in  our  days,  when  a 
sound  and  sev^-  spirit  of  critii  ism,  devoid  of  a 
char;ictor  of  contempt,  prcv.u!s,  the  ok!  investigations 
of  Powcil  and  Richard  HakUiyt  might  b.;  resumed 
in  Fr.g'.ind  and  Ire!  uid.  I  do  not  share  in  the  re- 
jecting si'irit,—///,     ''':'/. 


By    B.    F.    De   COSTA. 


ALBANY : 

JOEL    MUX  SELL'S    SON'S, 

I  8qo  . 


V 


"1 


r#r 


PRiNTi;n  BT  Paviii  Clapp  &  Son. 
BOSTON. 


^ 


"  ■^ -^  •-"!«  iiitfflhii.  It" 


-fvisr' 


I 


ANCIENT    NOKOiMBEGA. 


IN  the  third  volume  of  "The  Narrative  and  Critical  History  of 
America"  (pp.  171  and  186),  the  writer  has  stated  a  few  facts 
with  respect  to  Simon  Ferdinando,  who,  so  far  as  his  knowledge 
extends,  led  the  first  English  expedition  to  the  region  now  covered 
by  the  State  of  Maine,  but  then  known  as  a  part  of  Norombega. 

Simon  Ferdinando  was  known  in  connection  with  Virginia,  begin- 
ning with  the  year  1584.  In  1580  he  served  with  White,  who 
quarrelled,  and  loaded  him  with  abuse.*  This  was  echoed  by  William- 
eon,!  and  emphasized  by  Dr.  Hawkes,^  who  styled  him  a"  treacherous 
villain  "  and  "contemptible  mariner,"  declnring  that  he  was  a  Span- 
iard hired  by  his  nation  to  deceive  the  English  colony.  Later, 
however,  the  account  of  his  services  under  Grenville,  1585,  came  to 
light,  and  his  faithfulness  and  skill  are  highly  applauded  by  Ralph 
Lane,§  thus  relie\iMg  his  memory  from  unjust  aspersions.  It  now 
remains  to  speak  of  what  he  accomplished  in  1579. 

Simon  Ferdinando  was  a  Portuguese,  not  a  Spaniard.  There  is, 
however,  to  be  had  at  present  only  a  glimpse  of  his  voyage,  which  ia 
brought  to  light  in  one  of  the  papers  connected  with  David  Ingram, 
who,  with  two  companions,  ia  believed  to  have  travelled  on  the  Indian 
trails  from  the  Bay  of  Mexico  to  Maine  during  1567-8,  embarking  on 
a  French  ship  somewhere  near  the  St.  John's  River.  |1  The  essential 
part  of  tlie  narraflve  relating  to  Ferdinando  comprises  a  few  lines  : 

"  lo7'J  Simon  fferditiaiiflo  Mr.  Secretary  Walsinyhani's  man  went  and 
came  from  the  same  coast  w"'iu  three  monthes  in  the  little  ffrigate  without 
any  other  consort,  and  arrived  at  Dartmouth  where  he  ymburked  when  he 


beijitnne  lus  viajje." 

The  "said  coast"  was  none  other  than  the  region  of  Norombega, 
the  present  State  of  Maine,  towards  which,  at  that  time,  all  eyes 
were  turned.     Certain  disconnected  events  which  pieceded  the  voy- 

•  HakluTt,  III.  280.  t  Hist.  Ciiroliim.  I.  63.  t  Hist.  N.  Carolina,  1. 196. 

(  Archeohgia  Americana,  IV.  1 1 ;  and  Col.  Sute  MSS.,  I.  Atig.  12,  1635. 
i  "  Miigiizine  of  AmeriLan  History."  Vol.  IX.  168;  "Colonial  State  Papers."  Vol.  I.  No. 
2,  and  the  Tanner  MSS.,  Bodleian  Library,  Oxford. 


J 


I 


ngo  of  Fcrdlnamlo  also  gain  prune  ni«llce,  though  of  (lie  details  of 
the  voyage  itself  uuthiiig  can  he  loarnod  at  jucfjcnt. 

Tt  ajipcars  that,  in  1577,  "pinion  Fonlinando  a  Portuguese,"  was 
called  at  Cardiff  to  testify  with  respect  to  the  piracy  of  ".tdlin  Callire 
and  other  pirates."  Ferdinando  says  that  he  sailed  \\ith"Cal]ic" 
or  "Callioe,  "  two  years  previous -«s  pilot,  (.  illice  having  "a  t*hipp  at 
Kye  prepared  to  passe  to  the  Indians,"  meaning  the  \Vest  Indies  ; 
and  tliat  a  Portuguese  ship  was  plundered,  though,  Iteing  sick,  he  was 
not  charged  with  coin[>lipity.  lie  says  that  they  met  t)  •  Portuguese 
vessel  when  "  travelling  t(twards  America."  Some  time  after,  evi- 
dently in  1570,  he  "bought  a  little  hark,"  and  made  a  profitless 
cruise  towards  the  Canaries.  This  vessel  cost  him  "  forty  marks," 
and  was  pruhahly  the  "little  ffrigate "  in  which  he  sailed  to  Nevv 
England.  Afterwards  he  was  cast  into  jail  "upon  suspicion  of  her- 
e.sy,"  though  he  was  liberated  and  hecame  Secretary  "  NValsingham's 
man." 

Upon  his  return  he  appears  to  have  been  interested  in  matters  that 
concerned  Frohisher :  and,  November  7th,  1581,  he  addressed  a 
letter  to  that  adventurer.*  The  following  year.  May  1st,  he  was 
nuistered  as  first  pilot  in  the  "galleon  Leicester  "f  under  Fcnton, 
bound  to  the  ]\Tohiccas  ;  also  serving  as  jtilot  to  the  Virginia  expe- 
ditions of  1585  and  1587.  Fcrdinando,  according  to  Lane,  pos- 
sessed "grete  skylle  and  grcte  government,"  and  was  a  trusty  man. 
With  the  notice  of  this  voyage,  set  on  foot  apparently  by  Secretary 
Walsingham,  Simon  Ferdinando  passes  out  of  sight  until  1585, 
wIk'U  he  sailed  to  \'IiL:inia.  Xevertheless  he  peiTurmcd  his  part, 
and  deserves  honorable  mention  amongst  those  worthies  who,  by 
their  labors  and  sacrifices,  ju'cpared  the  way  for  the  occupation  of 
New  P^ngland.J 

•  British  Mtispiim  MSS,,  VIII.  Ollio,  fol.  100.  t  W''^.  fol.  205. 

J  In  1,J77  Ciiidiff,  Wales.  li:iil  I'c mno  tlie  licMdiju.irters  of  r  largo  t'^if,'  of  piMtcs,  sixty 
of  wliom  find  their  inniiitaiiicrs  iIkic,  mid,  thoiigli  well  kn>'\vn,  the  town's  ini>i)lc  were  un- 
williiij;  to  give  infurniiitiun.  .\|iril  ,')il,  of  that  venr,  n  Coniinission  sat  to  examine  the  mat- 
tor,  nnd  on  Marcli  17th  Ferdinando  testified.  The  following  was  drawn  ijy  the  author  from 
the  dingy  archives: 

"The  said  Simon  fferdinando  sayefh  that  he  knoweth  Gallic  nnd  liath  knowcn  him  the 
spaee  of  these  three  or  four  yenrcs  last  jiast  l)Ut  he  went  not  to  sea  w'"  him  vntill  w">lii 
these  two  yeares  tTor  he  sayeth  that  alioutec  Michelmas  was  two  years  the  ■■aid  Gallic  sent 
for  this  Kxaiat  then  bein;:  at  London  and  then  declared  to  the  Kxai.it  [Exiriiinant]  that  M' 
Iliiny  Kiiowles  had  a  shi]ipat  Rye  jireparcd  to  passe  to  the  Indians  and  tliat  this  Ex.iiat 
shdufd  he  Pylatt  thereof  yf  he  ly<ted  and  that  tlie  same  was  ilie  reipuast  of  the  said  M' 
Ivu'wles,  and  in  dcede  to  tliat  elfert  tlie  said  M'  Knovvles  did  spe.ike  to  this  Kxaiat  him>>elf 
nnd  sayeth  tliat  aerordiiip  to  tliiit  1 1  •luc*!  this  Exniniiiant  take  vpon  him  to  he  Pylatt  of  wo*" 
shipp  the  'aid  Callie  was  M'  and  one  tferdinaiido  was  Capilaine. 

And  we  traveling  to  the  seas  Ifm  want  of  wcatlu  i  they  taryed  long  vpon  the  co.st  of  Eng- 
land and  Ity  reason  thereof  spent  iiineh  of  their  vietnal  nnd  yet  in  the  end  travelling 
towordes  America  they  met  w""  n  Poitingall  vpon  the  costes  of  the  land  of  Portingall  and 
from  him  they  tokc  nhontes  100  ehestes  of  Sugar  hciiig  part  of  his  lodiiiir  and  haveing  gotten 
that  pryse  they  arvyed  w"'  the  same  at  the  rode  of  Peiimaith  lusyde  Caidief  in  the  Countie 
of  Glaymorgan  ahoutes  Allhalowtide  [Nov.  1]  last  was  two  yeios  the  said  Gallic  the  M' 
and  fferdinando  the  Ga|)tayne  made  sail  thereof  to  divers  persons  to  whonie  etrtainly  he 
knoweth  not  (Tor  he  this  Exaiat  was  then  nnd  for  this  tymc  the  slilpp  layc  there  at  rode  was 
verry  like  to  have  died  and  more  touching  the  cireiinisiaiHCs  of  that  journey  he  cannot  saye 
Faving  that  they  gave  this  exaiat  tcnne  pounds  of  the  eommodity  they  had  by  the  sale  of 
that  bugar. 


."-  >.-^ . 


..-f-!"^ -.,».•  /- 


•  -     *  ^»M     '.  ^f 


'TT^C"'/  ■•"' 


The  material  {ijlvcn  in  the  lonj;  extract,  appended  as  n  not'»,  is  of 
intorrat,  as  j,'iviiig  some  account  of  the  life   i)f  Simon  Ferdinando, 
who  dcuhflo^?  posse-'icd  many  of  the  charactori8ti«'8  of  sailors  of  that 
period,  the  lest  of  whom  kept  a  "nice  conscience"  no  more  ihan 
Chi'.!:;'cr\;  "  Sliipiiiiin,"  uj*u.illy  hcinj^  roady  for  plimder. 

The  information  came  to  ii;,'lit  in  connection  with  a  fornial  exami- 
nation of  David  Iniiram,  which  wad  also  the  occasion  of  hriiiLrin'T'Tohn 
vVallicr  to  notice.  We  give  tiie  pa[)erij  entire,  taking  first  the 
eAaiiiIn..tIon  of  David  In;j^ram,  which  is  ii  sepaiate  jiaper  from  hia 
nnM:iti\o,  edited  by  the  prt;<ent  writer.*  It  will  ht^  seen  Ijy  the'  side 
rem  rks  of  the  person  who  took  down  the  account,  that  Ingram's 
stati  iiieuts  in  dome  phiees  agree  with  those  of  "Sir  Humphrey  Gii- 
'./Crt's  man,"  who,  as  we  shall  see,  was  John  Walker,  following 
Ferdinando  in  15<S().  But  let  us  proceed  with  Ingram's  case,  rc- 
mcmhcring  that  early  visitors  to  America  were  reckless  in  their 
descriptions  and  beliefs, — the  Popham  colonists  in  Maine,  1007, 
discovering  nutmegs ;  Henry  Hu<lson  finding  clifTs  shining  with 
silver;  one  expedition  carrying  to  FiUglr.iid  t.  :  rgo  of  shining  eartli, 
thiid<iii^f  it  was  gold;  while  the  Pilgrims  at  Pl/iii<nith  heard  lions  in 
the  woods,  climbing  a  free,  like  Ingram,  to  escape  them:  and  the 
Duteh  in  \ew  Netlurland  discovered  unicorns  and  other  strange 
be:i?t;.      The  statement  runs  as  follows  : 

Certeyin'  questions  to  be  fleniauricL.'il  of  Davy  Ingram 
saylor  (lutHinge  at  Harkinge  in  tlio  rouiityi;  of  Esso\.  what 
he  observed  in  his  truvcll  one  the  North  siilo  of  the  ryver  of 
May  where  he  remayneil  three  moneths  or  thereabouts. 


Anil  fiirt'iiT  this  exiiiat  «;iycth  tliat  after  tills  cxaiiit  lyin^r  long  at  C  irJlfTe  botisht  a  little 
bark  of  Willui.  Horliert  V.>i\'  deceased  late  viee  atiniire.U  for  the  w  ^  he  paied  forty  markd 
at;l  the  s.uiie  prepared  to  j^n  to  the  seas  to  the  Canarries  &  al.oi- ■■;  a  twelveiiioiuli  k  inore 
p.i»:  fiiniisliiiij;  that  harek  w"i  nyne  or  teniu!  nieii  travellini:  !■''!,'  vpui)  the  seas  towards 
ttia:  eiiiiiitrie  of  the  Canarries  atid  retoriie  a.u'ain  w't'out  doeii.;  ;inytliiiig  but  losing  their 
Journey  their  tymeand  spending  all  they  hadl  anil  sytheiis  [sinee]  tliat  tyme  this  exaiat 
hatli  had  no  docini;  vpon  the  SI  IS  and  sayetli  that  tho<e  ryne  or  teiine  men  who^e  names 
are  tliese  Chiistopher  Horsham  jf  the  Isle  of  Whiglit  wi  s  ni''  of  the  shipp  who  is  now  de- 
cei«ed  Uieh  lid  Horshani  his  Krnther  I".  I  ward  Clayes  an^'  the  rest  he  s;\yetli  he  knowoth 
not  their  names  but  they  w.  le  Knglishnien  of  what  conntrie  he  knowerii  no  :  And  further 
say.'th  that  one  Riehatd  Aldersay  of  Londcju  was  in  the  former  journey  in  taking  the  suger 
w'-'  ihem  but  not  in  this  j>airney. 

Beim;  a^ked  also  who  ilid  lu'l|i  to  fmni-h  his  shipp  to  the  Cannrries  sayeth  that  one  Willm 
R'  !  ,irds,  Robert  A  iams  A  John  Thomas  Bnier,  of  Cardill'e,  di'l  help  to  furnish  the  shipp, 
and  sayeth  that  the  sliipp  ;ind  all  tin  fmiiiture  amounted  to  the  value  of  CLt.  and  no  bet- 
ter say'eth  that  lyeing  out  tenne  or  twelve  weekis  \v">  the  shipi'  they  returned  w''uiit  doeing 
anyihing  as  before  by  reason  whereof  Riehards,  Adams  and  John  Thomas  lost  their  parts 
of  their  stoek  without  commodity. 

But  this  Journey  as  he  s.iyeth  was  taken  in  hand  at  the  beginning  of  Maye  was  twelve- 
inonth.  And  further  sayeth  that  after  his  return  h<ime  from  that  journey  he  was  commit- 
ted to  the  shriefTs  gayoll  the  countie  of  Glani."  ^'(Mshire  by  Thomas  Lewis  Exi'  a  justice  of 
pe.u'(!  vpou  ?uspieion"of  heussie  and  there  remaync  i  the  space  of  14  weeks  and  afterwards 
this  Exaiat  was  bayled  by  tin  -aid  Willpi  HerhVrt  the  then  vice-a  Imirall  and  Willrn  Ma- 
the\s  Esqr  tw(j  of  the  Justices  and -lyetli  that  vpou  hisTlpprehension  being  asked  certjiin 
questiuus  of  Mf  Lewis  of  his  two  j<jurnies  he  answering  the  same,  and  was  comiriitted  to 
the  gayoll  liy  the  said  M''  Lewis  as  before  he  hath  said  and  after  that  he  was  sett  at  libertie 
as  without  examination  when  he  was  bayled  as  aforesaid."— Doni.  EliEabeth  MSS.  Vol. 
CXII.S.  ii. 

•  Mil;;.  Am.  History,  Vol.  IX.  168.— Ingrain  was  put  on  shore  with  a  large  number  of 
coiiipauions,  by  Sir  John  Hawkins. 


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ne   iiath      1.  Imp's  liowe  longe  the  saved  Iiii'r.iin  travyled  one  ye  yovth  side  of  the 
iKtrsvdied  Kyver  of  May. 

luoiiethi"*      2.  Ite.  whether  that  country  be  fruf  full,  and  what  kinde  of  fruts  there  be. 

He  liatli  confessed  y'  it  is  exredinge  fruteful  and  that  there  is  a  tre  as  he 

called  it  a  jiltira  ten  tree   w**"  of  the  leaves  thereof  being  pressed  will  come 

a  very  excellent  lycor  as  pleasant  to  drineke  and  as  good,  as  any  kiude  of 

winne.  ■*' 

3.  Ite.  what  kinde  of  beasts  and  cattell  he  saw  there. 

lie  hath  eoiifessed,  y*  he  sawe  A  Heast  in  all  jxiints  like  unto  a  horse, 
savinge  he  had  two  longe  ttisks.  of  w*'*'  beast  he  was  put  in  great  daunger 
of  his  lyfe,  but  he  escaped  by  clyminge  a  tree.  Also  that  tliere  be  wyld 
horses  of  goodly  shape  but  the  puojile  of  the  coui.try  have  not  the  use  of 
them. 

friirther  tliat  there  1)0  sliejie,  w'*"  boareth  redde  woole  soinme  tbinge 
course  there  flesh  good  to  e:»t,  but  is  very  r(-(lde. 

4.  Ite  what  kiude  of  people  there  be,  and  how  they  be  aparrelied. 

lie  hath  confessed  y*  farre  into  the  land  there  l)e  many  people,  and  that 
he  sawe  a  towiie  half  a  myle  longe,  and  hat),  many  streals  farr  luoader  then 
any  streat  in  London. 

ffurther  yt  the  men  gooe  nnked  savinge  (»nly  the  myddcll  part  of  theiQ 
covered  w""  skynnes  of  beasts  and  w"'  leaves,  And  that  generallye  all  men 
weare  about  there  amies  dyvers  hoopes  of  gold  and  silver  w""  are  of  good 
thicknes  and  lykwyse  they  weare  the  lyke  about  the  ^male  of  there  leggs 
w'"''  hoojies  are  garnished  w'^  pearle  dyvers  of  them  as  bigge  as  ones 
thurae. 

That  the  womenne  of  the  countrye  gooe  annreled  w"'  plats  of  gold  over 

there  body  much  lyke  unto  an  armor  altuut  the  middesl  of  there  bodye  they 

VFcare  leafes,  w""  hath  growinge  there  one  very  longe  UiUch  lyke  unto  heare. 

and  lykwyse   about  there   armes  and  the  smale  of  there  hggs  they  weare 

S  llumfryc  lioopes  of  gold  and  sylver  gariiy>hed  w"'  fayer  pearle. 

niuii-wchhe      •"'•  Ite  what  kind  of  buildings  and  houses  they  have  in  that  country. 

ffut  to  dis-      ]jg  hath  confessed  v*  they  buyld  there  bowses  round  lyke  a  Dovehouse 

cover  vtlQna  j  j  j  • 

rei)orteth  and  hath  in  like  manner  a  louer  on  the  topps  of  there  bowses  and  that  there 
"'"^tobe"^^''  many  pillors  that  upholdetb  many  things  of  gold  and  silver  very  massye 

buyltin    and  great  and  lykewyse  many  pyllors  of  Ciistall. 
nor  roujide.      ^''  I**^  whether  there  is  any  quantitye  of  gold,  silver  and  jx^arle  and  of 
other  iewells  in  that  country. 

Me  liath  confessed  that  there  is  groat  aboundance  of  gold,  sylver  and  pearle 
and  that  he  hath  seanne  at  the  heads  of  dyvers  springs  and  in  smale  rounninge 
brouks  dyvers  peaces  of  gold  soume  as  bigge  as  his  fynger,  others  as  bigge 
as  his  fyst  and  peaces  of  dyvers  bignes. 

flTurther  that  he  seanne  great  aboundance  of  pearle  and  dyvers  strannge 
Sr  IT. Gyl-  stones  uf  what  sort  or  valewe  he  knewe  not. 
Ijori's  mant      7_  j^g  whether  he  sawe  A  beast  farre  excevdiin'e  an  ux  in  bignes. 

broil  j;lit  of         ,,,,  ,  ,,  ,  ..••"  i°i  t 

the  6vd9  of      He  hath  Cv.nfessed  that  there  be  in  that  cuuniry  great  aboundance  of  a 

""from"*  kinde  of  beast  .almost  as  bigge  agayne  as  an  oxe  in  shape  of  l)ody  not  mu  !h 

the  place  lie  (lifferiuge  from  an  oxe,   savinge  that  he  hath  tares  of  a  great  bignes,  that 

"are  in  fashoue  much  like  unto  the  eares  of  a  blmidhound  havinge  thereon 

very  longe  heare,  and  lykwyse  on  hi.>  breast,  and  otluir  parts  of  his  bodye 

longe  heare. 

ffurther  he  hath  reported  of  dyvers  kinds  of  wyld  lK?asts  whose  skynueB 


John  Walker  who  went  out  to  Norombcga  in  I5S0. 


+  ;wi. 


>--t>.. 


•Jn.^^-, 


.s.,' 


are  very  rich  furres,  lykwyse  of  dyvers  kincTs  of  fruts  au(\  trees  of  great 
eastirnatione. 

Tliiit  there  is  a  tree  w***  bearetli  a  frnto  lyke  an  aple  but  is  poyson  to 
eate  for  the  aple  beiiige  broken  there  is  a  blacke  lycor  in  the  mydest  tlvireof. 
Also  that  there  is  a  tree  that  the  barke  thereof  tasteth  lyke  pepper. 
Divers  other  uiatffr-i  of  great  impDrtamice  he  hutli  confessed  (yf  they  be 
true)  w'**  he  sayeth  tli  .t  upon  his  lyfe  ho  otTurLth  to  gue  to  the  pl«c<>,  to 
approve  the  same  truf. 
(Endorsed) 

ab'  1581.       Questions  to  be  demanded  of 

David  Iiiiirani  com'tTiiiiig  his 
knowledge  of  a  discovery.* 

Next  may  be  given  a  statetiient  of  tilings  "  over  &  above  that 
which  Ingram  upon  his  examination  did  Confessc,"  the  statement 
relating;  to  both  Ferdinando  and  Walker  and  sceminij  to  have  been  fur- 
ni.^hod  through  Sir  Humphrey  himself.  At  least  he  conferred  per- 
sonally with  Walki  r,  who  was  "  hi.s  man." 

The  Reporte  of  Iteim'  tliat  haue  travellt'd  the  afore  said  Countryes  w"* 
the  note  of  the  siiuh  tiling-,  as  they  hauo  found  there,  ouer  and  aboue  that 
which  Ingram  upon  his  examiiiai'on  did  oniifesse.  whose  names  are  Veror- 
zanus,  Jaqnes  Cartier,  John  Rurrus,  Aiidreue  Thevett.f  John  Walker  of 
w'''  number  S'  Humfroy  Gylbert  did  coiiforre  in  person  with  the  thrte  last 
named. 

l.')79  Simon  fffrdinando  M'  Secretary  Wul-inghams  man  went  and  r;imo 
to  and  from  the  .^aid  coast  w'^'in  three  niontli-  in  the  little  ffrigate  \v'*'out 
any  other  corisort,  and  arryved  at  Dartmouth  whore  ho  ymbaikod  whou  ho 
be''anne  his  via";e. 


(sic) 


Note 
15H0. 


John  Walker  Englishman  and  his  Company  did  discover,  a  siluer  mine 
w^'iu  the  Riner  of  Noniml'tg;i.  on  the  North  shore  upon  a  hill  not  farre 
from  the  riuere  sidt;  a^i'it  IX  le^igues  from  tin;  mouth  thereof  whore  he 
fouiido  the  said  riuer  VII  leag'ifs  nr  thoreabuut  oner  and  XVIII  fadome 
and  haulf  doepe.  The  riuor  a  tlio  mouth  boingo  a!)out  X  leagues  broade, 
and  XXV'  fadomo  deopo  w"'oiit  barre. 

And  the  said  riuor  to  hulde  tliat  his  broadthe  so  much  farther  tlnu  he 
was  as  he  couldo  possibly  keiuie,  boingo  hy  estimai'on  al)Out  XX  miles. 

The  Country  was  most  exoollent  botli  fur  the  soylo,  diuer^,ity  of  sweofe 
woodo  and  otiior  troe-.  Who  also  found-"  at  the  '•amo  timo  in  an  Indian 
hous'  Vir  miles  w"'in  the  laiide  from  tlio  ryvors  side  abouo  III*^  dryo  liidi's, 
whoreof  the  most  parte  of  them  were  eightoene  foote  by  the  square. 

Roth  he  anil  his  Company  sayled  from  tho  said  Coast  into  Englundo  in 
XVn  dayes.t 

That  the  said  coast  waa  the  region  lying  south  of  Nova  Scotia 

•  Col.  Stiife  Ptip.,.i,  Dnm.  Ehzabith.     Vol.  175,  No.  95.     Piit)Iir  Record  Otlice,  London. 

t  Thevct,  the  wiMi  r  Im-  onilenvorcl  to  prove,  never  sinv  New  Kiighoul,  ami  ije^cribej 
Itoniv  through  the  reliitiw-  of  other-. —See  "^'he  Northiueii  in  Maine." 

X  (^ol.  Stat,-  I'oj»'>!i,  Vol.  I.  No.  2.— Public  Record  Otlice,  London.  Manv  of  the  old 
Btories  iibout  silver  have  filled ;  this  by  Walker  is  vindicated  by  the  f.ict  thnt  silver  mining 
is  now  a  recognized  indn^Jtry  .iii.und  the  Penoljscot  reclon,  where  new  mines  are  bein;? 
opened.  Gold  is  also  foui  1  in  piying  quantities- ;  while  the  peurl  oyster  formerly  abounded 
In  New  England  waters,  the  Pilgi'inis  tiudiiig  pearls  at  Cape  Cod  in  1620. 


L  ,..t(^gJ^ 


8 


tlicre  can  \>e  no  doubt.  This  is  app.iront  from  tlie  account  of  wliat 
followed,  which  it  may  be  well  to  state  briefly. 

_  It  ai){)ear8  that,  in  15'^0,  Sir  ITuinphrey  liad  been  obliged  to 
transfer  his  patent  to  lands  in  the  new  world,  but,  nevertheless,  he 
sent  out  an  expedition  that  year,  under  Walker,  as  his  full  state- 
ment already  quoted  iind«*r  that  date  proves.  Still  he  was  (bter- 
mined  not  to  withhold  himself  from  enterprise,  while  we  read  in  Dr. 
Dee's  Diary,  under  July  lO,  l.'>82,  this  entry; 

"A  meridie  hor  3J  cam  Sir  George  Peckhain  to  me  to  know  the 
tytle  of  Xorombega  in  respect  of  Spayn  and  Purtugnll."*     The  fol- 
lowing year  Gilbert  once  more  -ailed.     >bireh  1 1th,  Aldworth,  Mayor 
of  Bristol,  William  Salterne  and  others,  whose  families  were  after- 
ward connected  with  efforts  in  New   En'^laiid,    airecd  to  furnish   a 
ship  of  sixty  and  a  bark  of  forty  tons,  "to  be  ft'j't  j«  /lie  counlry," 
under  Mr.  Carlisle,  who  probably  did  not  go,f  though  the  two  vessels 
seem  to  have  been  included  in  the  fleet  of  five  sail.     At  the  last 
moment,  Spanish  influence  nearly  succeeded  in  keeping  Sir  lluinplirey 
at  home.     England  again   felt  the  baiuful  power  that  delayed  the 
voyage  of  Verrazano.     The  I'ull  of  Alexander  was  still  a  j)ower,J 
and  the  Armada  was  already  fore.-hadowed.      Clearing  himself  of  the 
charge  of  piracy,  brought  by   Spanish  spies,  Sir  IIuni[ihrey  got  to 
sea,  June  11th.     Ralegh's  ship  was  obliged  to  put  back,  on  account 
of  sickness  amongst  the  crew,  but  the  rest   went  on,  reaching  Ni  w 
Foundlaiid  July  30th.      August  5th,  (lilbcrt  took  formal  pnsse>s;  ^n 
in  the  name  of  the  Queen,  and  one  ?liip  was  despatched  to  England. 
Still,  as  the  Patent  required  actual  possession  in  the  region  of  New 
I'^ngland,    he    sailed    southward,    and,    August    27th,   reached    the 
latitude  of  44°  N.    The  next  evening  was  fair,  and,  ''like  the  swanne 
that  eingeth  before  her  death,"  those  in  tlie  Admiral  sounded  trumpets 
and  indulged  in  merriment.     But  the  next  day  a  storm  arose,  and 
the  Admiral  was  lost  upon  a  shoal  near  Sable  Island  with  nearly  all 
lier  crew.     There  now  remained  only  the  "Hind"  and  the  "  Squer- 
rell,"   a  "little  frigate"  of  twelve  tons,  and  but  few  supplies.     Sir 
Humphrey  did  not  deem  it  prudent  to  sail  farther  south,  and  accord- 
ingly shaped  his  course  for  home.     Though  admonished  of  the  risk 
he  ran  in  trusting  himself  to  the  frigate,  he  proceeded  in  this  over- 
laden craft,  the  deck  covered  with  nets  and  artillery,  to  reeross  the 
Atlantic,  whose  waves  were  already  smitten  by  the  autumnal  grles. 

When  north  of  the  Azores  they  met  with  nmch  bad  weather  "and 
terrible  seas,  breaking  short  and  high  pyramid  wise."  Then 
when  night  came,  the  sailors  on  the  great  ship,  the  Hind,  sa.v  the 
fire  of  St.  Elmo  playing  upon  one  end  of  the  main  yard,  which, 
when  it  ap|)ears  double,  is  an  auspicious  sign  that  the  "seamen  doe 
call  Castor  and  Pollux " ;  "but,"  it  is  added,  "we  had  only  one" 


•  Diary,  p.  8.    Ibid,  16.    Hakluvt  III.  170. 

t  Ibid,  p.  182,  and  Read's  "  Henry  Hudson." 

X  Records  of  Privy  Council  in  Edwards's  "Life  of  Ralegh,"  I.  78. 


•■'*rr''^^i^?i;^'::^fr^ 


vv, --'■ 


^Jriiaiirrirfay 


and  accordingly  thoy  acco[)tcd  it  as  a  sign  of  doom.  Nevertliclo.".*, 
Sir  Humphrey  was  as  strong  of  heart  aa  ever,  and  we  read  :  "  Mundiiy 
the  ninth  of  September,  in  the  afternoon,  the  Frigiit  was  noore  cast 
away,  oppressed  by  waves,  yet  at  that  time  rccovtrcd  :  and  giving 
forth  sigiies  of  ioy,  the  Generall  sitting  abaft  with  a  bookc  in  his 
hand,  cried  unto  us  in  the  Hind  (so  oft  as  we  did  ap[)r(>i  li  within 
hearinij:)  We  are  as  ncere  to  heaven  by  soa  as  by  bind.  Rcircratiiig 
the  same  3{)ecch,  well  beseeming  a  souldior,  resolute  in  Jesus  Christ, 
as  I  can  testifie  he  was."  Still  the  Kiii<rht  was  en'^a^ed  in  his  last 
adventure,  and  his  brave  heart  could  not  save  him  from  the  sea. 
Hence  we  read  again,  tliat  "the  same  Monday  night,  aboute  twelve 
of  the  jlocke,  or  not  long  after,  the  Frigat  being  ahead  of  va  in  the 
Golden  Hinde,  suddenly  her  lights  were  out,  whereof  as  it  were  in  a 
moment,  we  lost  the  light,  and  withall  our  watch  cryed,  the  Generall 
was  cast  away,  which  was  too  true.  For  at  that  moment  the  frigate 
was  devoured  and  swallowed  vp  by  the  Sea."  We  are  to  noti''(\ 
however,  that  he  had  intended  to  colonize  in  the  region  described  by 
Verrazano,  and  it  was  this  region  that  Hays  referred  to  as  a  country 
extending  northward  from  Fhjrida,  "lying  vnder  very  temperate 
Climes."*  Clarke  also  says  that  they  were  "going  for  the  discovery 
of  Xorund)ega."f  The  Mayor  of  Bristol  spoke  more  definitely  in 
his  reply  to  Walsinuham,  "  concerning  a  A\'e.-^ttin  voyage  intended 
for  the  discovery  of  the  coast  of  America  lying  to  tlie  south-west  of 
Capr  Briton." 

There  were  those  who  favored  tliis  exfJC'lition  for  other  than 
mercantile  considerations.  Christoplier  Carlile,  the  [)erson  nominated 
by  Aldworth  to  go  out  with  the  two  ships  furnislied  by  himself  and 
friends,  in  advocating  a  Colony  during  the  April  preceding  the 
voyage,  associated  New  England  colonization  with  the  exercise  of 
a  religiim  not  to  be  enjoyed  elsewhere  in  foreign  parts  by  British 
subjects.      He  says  : 

"  And  to  the  godly  minded  it  hatli  this  comfortubit'  ron.niorlitie,  that  in  this 
trade  their  faotoui's.  \)cv  tliey  servants  or  children,  -liall  hi'-c  nu  InsLriiccion 
or  eonft's.siinis  of  Idolatruu.-.  Religiun  enforced  upon  tliein,  but  contrarily 
shall  be  at  their  free  libertie  of  Conscience,  and  shall  find  the  same 
Roliirion  exercised,  which  i-;  must  ajrreeable  to  their  parents  and  tnusters."| 

The  particular  site  had  in  view  for  the  colony  has  already  been 
pointed  out ;  and  Carlile  says  :  "But  who  shall  look  into  the  (jualities 
of  this  voyage,  beitig  directed  to  the  latitude  of  fortie  degrees  or  there- 
aboutes,  of  that  hithcrmost  part  of  America  shal  find  it  has  as  many 
points  of  good  moment  belonging  vnto  it,  as  may  almost  be  wished 
for."§  He  then  speaks  of  the  shortness  and  safety  of  the  voyage, 
which  could  be  made  with  a  single  wind  at  all  times  of  the  year. 

•  Hakluytlll.  143;  Ibid,  173. 
f  Ibiil,  182. 

J  Hakluyt  III.  184.    The  Plymouth  Colonists  had  no  more  advanced  ideas  of  religious 
litKrtv  than  this. 
i  Ibid,  184. 


>«  "i ' 


10 

So  confident  wore  (!ic  nioniljore  of  (iilliort'e  oxiiodition  of  e\ir 'cas, 
that  the  K'nrnod  IIiinLrariaii,  Steplianti?  T*,(i-menitis  Rudcius,  "  Master 
of  Alts  and  Philorinj^liie,"  and  the  "friend  it  hn.ther"  of  Ilakhiyt, 
was  taken  in  the  pntcrj)risie,  expressly  to  record  the  high  proceedings 
of  tlio  intended  Norf)niliei:a  colony  in  Latin  Verse;  as  the  piihject 
wonld  l)e  adorned  with  "  the  ( lorpient  jtile  of  tlie  Orator  and  lare 
Poet  of  our  time."*  Hut  this  was  not  to  he.  Parnienius,  of  Pjiula, 
found  a  watery  grave  at  the  wrec':  of  the  Admiral,  and  Xoronihega 
remained  iineimg. 

Tlii'^  excursion  is  made  into  tlie  jieriod  \vliich  fdlows  Ferdinando 
and  Walker,  to  indicate  the  more  distinctly  tlic  situati'in  of  Nvirom- 
bega,  for  while  some  had  their  attention  fixed  upon  tlie  latitude  of 
the  Ilud-^on,  these  two  navigators  had  distinctly  in  view  the  region 
lying  around  the  great  river  which  ai)i)Cars  in  a  l<>ng  .-cries  of  ancient 
maps,  and  which  was  none  other  than  the  Penobscot,  to  which,  as 
already  said,  Simon  Ferdinando  the  Po^tugnc-^e  led  tlie  first  known 
Knglish  expedition. 

We  have  next  to  turn  to  John  Walker  and  note  the  abiding  faith 
of  Gilbert  in  the  promise  of  the  new  land.  Circumstances  had 
forced  him  to  transfer  his  Patent,  but  he  succeeded  in  sending  out  a 
little  party  to  make  ol-crvations  and  engage  in  trade.  The  voyage 
made  at  his  instance  had  for  its  destination  the  Maine  coast,  and  the 
agent  employed  was  one  John  \\'alker,  afterwards  jjerhaps  a  clei-gy- 
nian  of  the  Hngli-h  Clmreh.  We  have  seen  that  a  iiiarginal  entry  in  a 
manu-cript  in  the  State  Paper  Ofrn'C,  already  given,  runs  as  follows  : 
"Sir  II.  (iilhert's  man  br. Might  of  the  syd;  (*f  this  beast  from  the 
j)lace  lie  discovered. "f  The  l)east  referred  to  was  of  the  kind  men- 
tioned in  the  examination  of  David  Ingram,  of  1582,  and  the  voy- 
age of  discovery  was  one  of  recent  date.  A  careful  examination 
shows  that  the  year  1580  was  the  only  one  in  which  such  a  discovery 
could  have  been  made  for  Gilbert,  while  under  that  year  we  have, 
through  Sir  Humphrey,  the  voyage  which  answers  the  description, 
the  John  Walker  referred  to  having  made  a  voyage  to  Norombega, 
where  he  obtained  the  "  syds  "  or  hides. 

In  s|)eaking  of  rivers,  the  old  voyagers  seldom  made  any  distinction 
between  the  estuary  and  the  river  pro[)er.  This  was  clearly  the  case 
in  the  present  instance  by  Walker,  who  does  not  appear  to  have  been  a 
navigator  ;  but  the  rough  estimate  agrees  suflficiently  well  with  the  map 
of  the  Coast  Survey,  which  gives  a  width  of  twenty-one  miles  to 
the  entrance  of  Penobscot  Bay,  between  the  Isle  au  Ilaut  and 
White  Hea  1.  Rut  the  old  sailors,  in  the  absence  of  surveys,  might 
include  the  distance  between  White  Head  and  Deer  Island,  which 
would  correspcmd  to  the  computation  of  Walker,  who  made  the 
Norombega  ten  leagues  wide  at  its  entrance.  Tliere  is  also  looin 
for  his  estimate  of  seven  leagues  in  width,  nine  leagues  in,  as  well 


•  Hnkluyt  III.  166. 
t  jl>»<e,  pitge  6. 


Specimens  of  his  "stile"  may  be  found  in  Hakluyt  III.  138. 


"'"ii^lwwrwPWUBSJSBS^s^." 


[ 


0!?  ribiini 
that  he  1 
it  is  fo  ' 
as  the  J 
Cbaniplf 
thi;*,  tho 
City,  w 
villa^'o  c 
Tho  Frc 
Harbor  i 
{'f  their 
N(iioiiib( 
Tills  1 
with  ro^ 
of  Sir  I 
It  is  not 
though  I 
nando,  f 
of  Ptiiig 
tahlishtii 
"Hyil.^" 
apiioars 
script  th 
fire-t      i 


•  \\\  nir 
the  Bib' '  0 
ami  its  Ri^ 
of  til-'  w.»y 
froTii  Wliit', 
at  its  (.'ntriii 
which  stn.'l 
of  roc'ks  an 
is  a  tmvii  c; 
tftwns  folk  ; 

the  M.K'li.'li^ 

Tho  11... [.If 
till!  wvA  har 
every  vi>it(j 
of  thi'  old  ( 
tin  thef 
Far!  of  Ij-'M 
it  iy  nil  re  oi 
Spaces  show 


dcpturo  fro 
the    .    .    . 
Arundell : 
fnn'I  fship^ 
mojtc  nunil 
I    .    .    .    , 
Cutlworthe 
at    .    .    . 
agayne,  I  si 
tho  pfytt  thi 
ness  of  my 
rem  lyne  as 
Whereof 


[ 


n-^  abundnnre  of  deep  water.  Beyond  qucs(i<>n  it  wa.-  the  Pciiohscot 
that  ho  had  in  niiinl,  and  actually  visited,  ns  tlie  Noroinhc^M  Kivcr. 
it  is  ."o  well  known  that  the  Penohsrot  was  ncccepted  at  that  period 
as  the  Norunihc^ii,  that  it  would  be  idle  to  nrjriie  the  question. 
Chainplain  and  Lescarhot,  in  the  followinj;  centuiy,  never  doul)ted 
this,  though  they  wore  di-^apjiointt'd  ujion  finding  no  evidence  of  the 
City,  which,  perhaps,  wa.-<  never  anything  more  than  an  Indian 
village  carrying  on  a  trade  with  the  French  and  Knglir^h  in  ptltry. 
The  Frcnc'i  had  other  trading  plains,  and  notably,  that  of  lioston 
Harbor  and  the  Charles  River,  as  ,Tolm  Smith  testifie-i,  and  evidences 
(if  their  occupation  may  yet  be  e.-tabli-hcd  ;  but,  nevcrthi'Icss,  the 
N«iroiubcga  will  probably  be  identified  with  the  tmlde  I'enobscot.* 

This  voyage  of  Walker,  so  thoroughly  attested  as  ti»  leave  no  doubt 
with  regard  to  its  performance,  had  ex[tress  refei»'n<'e  to  the  plans 
of  Sir  Humphrey,  which  the  latter  proceeded  to  execute  in  1583. 
It  is  not  indicated  that  Walker  was  the  navigator  of  the  expedition, 
though  he  may  have  been.  At  all  events  he  repre.-cnted  Sir  Ferdi- 
naiido,  and  prol)ably  was  a  layman  like  Rulnrt  Salterne,  supercargo 
of  Pring  in  1603,  and  who  afterwards  became  a  clergyman  of  tlie  Ks- 
tabli:;lunont.  At  any  rate,  Walker  the  commercial  man  in  search  of 
"  Hyds  "  disappears  after  the  voyage,  while  Walker  the  chrgyman 
ap{iears  immediately  as  a  chaplain  ujton  the  high  seas.  A  manu- 
script that  might  have  given  light  on  the  subject  ha-  been  Injureil  by 
fire. I      Still  we  may  "notice  thai,  Jiiiie  23,   15(S3,  Fenton  speaks  of 

•  W\  !i,iy  lioro  nppi'nil  n  tr,iii«laticii  niii'le  from  tho  ninmi-Tipt  of  Jclnin  All('fon~i.T  in 
the  flii'  '  'h'.'iw  Sationale,  Pari-^,  wlio  wa-*  on  tlii-  coast  in  !.>!.',  ami  iK-crH'Cs  Ni>rotiil.iej,M 
anil  its  Ri\or,  though  like  the  nio-t  of  tlie  nccoiint-i  of  that  period,  it  is  two  decrees  out 
of  tli>'  w,(y  in  latitude.  In  his  c^rui.ate  of  tlie  river,  it  will  he  seen  he  takes  in  all  tlie  water 
from  Wliite  He.ul  to  Mount  Desert.  He  says :  "  The  River  is  moru  than  forty  lea^'ues  wide 
at  its  etitrai,;-e,  and  ret;iin.s  its  width  soinethirty  or  forty  leagues.  It  is  full  of  Islands, 
which  .streteli  some  ten  or  twelve  IcauMics  intu  the  sea,  and  are  very  danirerous  on  account 
of  roi'ks  and  shoils.  The  said  riser  is  in  42  N.  L.  Fifteen  lengues  within  this  river  there 
is  ft  town  called  Noromhcj-'a,  with  clev.r  inhalutiints,  who  trade  in  furs  of  all  sorts;  the 
towns  foik  are  dressed  in  furs,  wearing  sable.  I  (juestion  whether  the  sai  i  river  enters 
tlie  nMcIiila;,'a.  For  more  than  forty  leairnes  it  is  si'.t  water,  at  least  so  the  town  folk  say. 
The  in  "[ir  ii>c  many  words  whi.  h  sound  like  Latin.  They  worship  the  sun.  They  are 
IhII  ar  I  liaiiiKonie  in  form.  The  land  of  Noromlie_'\  lies  high  and  i^  well  situated."  This, 
every  vi.-itor  to  this  stately  ::;!d  inipo^in_'  riL'ion  knows  to  he  true;  but  the  '•  Liitin  "  came 
of  tlie  old  (iispo-ition  to  follow  phonetic  reseniManee. 

t  In  the  Cotton  MSS.  Briri>h  Museum  ;Otlio  E.  VIII.  fol.  130)  is  a  letter  by  Walker  to  thfl 
F.arl  of  Ij<'irester,  written  when  at  tho  |><jiiit  of  sailini;.  Owini;  to  the  ravages  of  the  fire 
it  is  nnrr  or  less  nmleeipheralile,  but  the  be-t  pi'  -ible  vei-i.ni  is  appcndcii.  The  blank 
spaces  sliow  where  the  edges  of  tho  manuscript  wive  burned  off:— 

" Barnes  w'f" d  me  w"^  grcate  fi-endlMie^ie 

a ever  bounVn  Tiito  yijf  L  for  scndin^rc  ni syne  my 

depture  fro  the  courte,  I  have  byii havi' taken  iiistytutyi'i  and  inductyon  into 

the  .  .  .  fyllacke  whyi  he  her  Ma' •■  bvtowed  vpA  ni",  and  ....  for,  to  S^  John 
Arundel! :  The  Byshopp  shewed  ....  curti  sye  he  myghte  ;  and  as-Siired  me  of  his 
fnnd  rship-i  he  knowethe  that  it  was  hcrMa'""  to  geve,  whe  ....  it  graiintid ;  my 
Dioste  nuiii'.le  siitc  vnto  yor  good     ....    yor  L  would  be  a  meanes  viito  her  Ma'"^  that 

I dyspeti-:a  w*'' to  keepe  my  lyving  vntyll  I  returne  fro  the  inii\;uis :    M' 

Cudwortlie  i\yl!  bringe  yo' L  the     .     .     .    to  be  assy^iod,  w;^**  M' Seeratary  wyll  procure 

at    .    .    .    L  fyrst  wrot  yo,  for  yf  1  may  have  my  poore  lyvi!?i,'e my  cOmiiu'c 

agayne,  I  shall  thliike  my  selfe  well  satisfy  .  .  .  .  I  am  how  somewhat  in  debte,  and 
the  pfytt  thereof  (the  tyme  of  my  absence)  wyll  dyscharge  the  same,  to  the  greate  quyett- 
ne-ss  of  my  cdscvence.  And  for  my  selfe  bothe  harte  and  haude  I  wyll  cotynue  and  ever 
rem  lyne  as  favthfull  a  s'rvaunte  as  ever  yC  L  had  in  s'rvice : 

Whereof  I  hope  yof  L  shall  have  good  expcryci  ce  yf  ever  I  returue    The  allmyghtye 


\1 


!•« 


"■  ** 


mr&& 


IJ) . 


19 


Jdlin  WnlTicr  ns  chnpliiin  to  flif  Ivirl  nf  T.tlc<  .-(or,  tl)oiif;li  lie  >\(.nt 
iif  Cliiiplnin  with  Fenton*  in  t!ie  iittcnudcd  cxjK'dition  to  tlie  MoliiL't-as. 
l\ti  was  a  member  of  tlic  Council  of  Advice,  and  waa  attaclicd  to 
the  *' r.dwiird."t  The  cxpcflition  sailod,  and  in  February,  1584, 
AValktr  w:iH  taken  sick.  'I'ht' journal  contains  the  (  dlowing  ontry  : 
" The  5  day  about  10.  acl<nke  in  the  rnrcnoone  M.  ^VaIkl•r  died, 
who  had  bene  weake  and  nicke.  The  bluodic  fl>xc  6.  daycs,  wee 
tookc  a  view  of  his  things,  srid  prised  them,  and  heaved  him  over- 
btiaid,  and  .-hot  a  i k  ere  for  liis*  knell. "| 

\Valker  was  evitlt  iitly  a  humane  man,  n?ing  his  influence  to  heal 
di5sen>ions  in  the  illftarrcd  oxpcditiun,  and  preventing  the  admiral 
from  exi  rei-in<'  ureat  rmehv. 

'J'hus,  tii,--ing  upim  the  waves  of  the  hmely  Southern  Sea,  he,  who 
probably  was  the  explorer  of  Xorombega  in  1580,  died,  and  there  he 
found  his  burial.  r>iit  hi?  influence  did  nt»t  perish  with  him.  The 
knowlcdjfc  wliich  ho  ncipiired  went  to  tswell  the  finn  of  Sir  ITura- 
phrey  (lillitrt's  infurmation,  and  helped  to  -pur  him  on  to  ujidertakc 
his  la.-'t  voya;;e,  or,  otherwi->«c,  to  lure  him  un  to  death ;  for,  kni;jht 
and  priest.  Sir  Ilumplirey  CJilbert  and  "his  man"  found  a  common 
sepulture  in  the  soa. 

Gilbert,  in  turn,  was  fillowed  by  Sir  Ferdinando  Gorges,  who 
set  his  hand  with  irrcat  stren<'th  to  the  work  of  New  Eni^land  colo- 
ni/alion,  of  which  he  became  the  more  immediate  founder.  Sir 
Ferdinando,  luiwcvcr  was  under  j^roat  obliijations  to  such  men  as 
thoise  who  led  the  way  to  Maine  in  1579-80  ;  while  the  Pilgrims  of 
Leyden,  who  were  direc  ted  to  Plymouth  in  1()20  by  the  cm[)loycc8 
of  Gorges,  were  in  turn  indebted  to  W.alkor  and  his  associates  for 
the  greeting  they  received  from  the  chief  Samosct,  friend  of  Gorges, 
who  exclaimed  "  Welcome,  Knglislunen  I " 


\ .  • «    -t ... 

;  ',»."■  -56     .  '  vt  • .     /    .      .         j"'-»'  »•     r   .■  .       1 

God  p'scrvo  yo'  L  in  most  linppvc  rstnte  to  his  cloryc  &  yo^  L  hartca  dcsjre.    Southe- 
hampto  this  xxy">  of  Apryll :  1582. 

J.J     .  .         .^  ^       y       •  ^'  honorable  L  mo-^t  buiuiden 

*     ';':.'  *  *  s'vuunte  Jouir  Walkeb. 

May  U  plcnso  yo^L  to  gcve  me  leave  Oirther  to  aJvoriyse  yo'  L;  ilmt  the  rjg'itt'  worshypp- 
fiiU  S"f  Fruiincys  Drake  hatho  vsed  me  w»i>  the  gicattsti'  frcude^hyppe  that  any  niyghte 
dosyre:  bothe  in  instructinge  me  In  the  voyage  aud  in  dialinge  Ivberallje  w"'  me  and  my 
fcilowc  preacher:  for  the  whyche  I  bcscchc  yo'  L  gtve  him  timnkes 

[Addressed:]       To  (he  rj-ghte  honorable  my 
►  ■*        '  Singular  good  Laud  M'  the 

trie  of  Ley  coster  gcve  .hcse." 
•  MSS.  in  British  Museum,  Otho  VIII.  f.  87. 

t  Rlomic  MSS.  No.  2146,  f.  73,  mid  Otlio  VIII.  fols.  142  and  179-200. 
i  Ui.kluyt,  Vol.  III.  p.  767.    Otho,  f.  140.  '    '. 


\ 


vV»- 


•t'l 


•y»- 


C-^^ 


ifiiiMisri 


^^ 


-X  •^1^.' 


^r  i^i^ 


^^•'^m^m 


